Appendix

Writings by various popes on specific doctrinal and moral issues are included in the Catechism. They include encyclicals, apostolic letters, apostolic exhortations, discourses, and briefs, among others. More ancient papal documents cited in the Catechism are usually referenced by their DS numbers, while more recent documents are referenced by an abbreviation and paragraph number. See the Index of Citations under “Pontifical Documents” for a list of these documents cited in the Catechism. Writings of the following popes are cited. Dates given here indicate the years each pope held office.

Timeline of Popes with Writings Referenced in the Catechism

4th Century

Damasus I (366-384)

5th Century

Innocent I (402-417)

Leo I the Great (440-461)

Anastasius II (496-498)

6th Century

Hormisdas (514-523)

Vigilius (537-555)

Pelagius I (556-561)

7th Century

Gregory the Great (590-604)

9th Century

Nicholas I (858-867)

13th Century

Innocent III (1198-1216)

14th Century

John XXII (1316-1334)

Benedict XII (1334-1342)

Clement VI (1342-1352)

16th Century

Pius IV (1559-1565)

18th Century

Pius VI (1775-1799)

19th Century

Pius IX (1846-1878)

20th Century

Leo XIII (1878-1903)

Pius XI (1922-1939)

Pius XII (1939-1958)

John XXIII (1958-1963)

Paul VI (1963-1978)

21st Century

John Paul II (1978-2005)

Francis (2013-present)